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The Battle of Awa (阿波沖海戦 Awa oki kaisen) occurred on 28 January 1868 during the Boshin War in Japan, in the area of Awa Bay near Osaka. Involving ships of the Tokugawa Shogunate and Satsuma vessels loyal to the imperial court in Kyoto, the battle was the second naval battle in Japanese history between modern naval forces (after the 1863 Naval battle of Shimonoseki). Enomoto Takeaki led the Shogunal navy to victory at Awa, in one of the few Tokugawa successes of the Boshin War.
The engagement, between warships of the domain of Satsuma and warships of the Tokugawa shogunate was Japan's first naval battle between elements of a modern navy. It happened one day after the land Battle of Toba-Fushimi, which the Shogunate lost to the Imperial forces. The naval battle of Awa, however, was a Tokugawa victory.
The Satsuma domain was preparing to return its troops to Kasgoshima aboard two transports, the Hoho (翔凰) and the Heiun (平運), protected by the Satsuma warship Kasuga stationed in Hyōgo harbour. The Shogunal navy under Enomoto Takeaki was nearby with the Kaiyō Maru as its main unit, and had been supporting the Battle of Toba-Fushimi from the sea. Enomoto's fleet moved to blockade the withdrawal of the Satsuma ships.
On 28 January, in the early morning, the Satsuma ships left Hyōgo harbor. Heiun left through the Strait of Akashi, and Kasuga went south with Hoho towards the Strait of Kien (紀淡). Kaiyō Maru pursued and prepared for combat. At a distance of 1,200–2,500 meters, Kaiyō Maru fired about 25 times on the two Satsuma ships, and Kasuga responded with 18 shots, without significant damage to either side. However, as more Shogunate navy ships had arrived (the Banryū and Hazuru), Kasuga broke off the engagement, and, being faster than Kaiyō Maru, escaped to Kagoshima. Unable to flee, Hoho was run aground at Yūzaki (由崎) and was destroyed by her crew. Looking at the burning Hoho, Enomoto expressed admiration at the fight put on by his enemies: "Although they are enemies, how remarkable" (敵ながらあっぱれ Teki nagara appare).
The future Imperial Japanese Navy Fleet Admiral Togo Heihachiro was a gunner aboard Kasuga during the engagement.